A halin yanzu, tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na kasar Sin ya kasance na'urar DC, wanda ke yin cajin wutar lantarki da batir mai amfani da hasken rana ke samarwa, kuma baturin ya ba da wutar lantarki kai tsaye. Misali, tsarin hasken gida na hasken rana a arewa maso yammacin kasar Sin da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta tashar microwave da nisa da grid duk tsarin DC ne. Irin wannan tsarin yana da tsari mai sauƙi da ƙananan farashi. Koyaya, saboda nau'ikan nau'ikan wutar lantarki na DC (kamar 12V, 24V, 48V, da sauransu), yana da wahala a cimma daidaito da daidaituwar tsarin, musamman ga ikon farar hula, saboda yawancin abubuwan AC ana amfani dasu tare da ikon DC. . Yana da wahala ga samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic don samar da wutar lantarki don shiga kasuwa a matsayin kayayyaki. Bugu da ƙari, samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic a ƙarshe zai cimma aikin haɗin grid, wanda dole ne ya ɗauki samfurin kasuwa mai girma. A nan gaba, tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na AC photovoltaic zai zama babban mahimmanci na samar da wutar lantarki.
Abubuwan buƙatun tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic don samar da wutar lantarki mai inverter
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic ta amfani da fitarwar wutar AC ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu: tsarar hoto na hoto, caji da mai sarrafa fitarwa, baturi da inverter (tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai haɗin grid zai iya adana baturi gabaɗaya), kuma inverter shine babban bangaren. Photovoltaic yana da manyan buƙatu don masu juyawa:
1. Ana buƙatar babban inganci. Saboda tsadar ƙwayoyin hasken rana a halin yanzu, don haɓaka yawan amfani da ƙwayoyin hasken rana da haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin, ya zama dole a yi ƙoƙarin inganta ingantaccen inverter.
2. Ana buƙatar babban aminci. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic a wurare masu nisa, kuma yawancin tashoshin wutar lantarki ba a kula da su ba. Wannan yana buƙatar inverter ya sami ingantaccen tsarin kewayawa, zaɓi mai tsauri, kuma yana buƙatar inverter ya sami ayyuka daban-daban na kariya, kamar shigar da haɗin haɗin Polarity na DC, kariyar gajeriyar da'ira ta AC, overheating, kariya mai yawa, da sauransu.
3. Ana buƙatar ƙarfin shigarwa na DC don samun nau'i mai yawa na daidaitawa. Tunda madaidaicin wutar lantarki na baturi yana canzawa tare da nauyi da kuma ƙarfin hasken rana, kodayake baturin yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙarfin baturi, ƙarfin baturi yana canzawa tare da canjin ƙarfin baturi da juriya na ciki. Musamman lokacin da baturi ya tsufa, ƙarfin ƙarfinsa na ƙarshe ya bambanta sosai. Misali, wutar lantarki ta ƙarshe na baturi 12 V na iya bambanta daga 10 V zuwa 16 V. Wannan yana buƙatar inverter yayi aiki a babban DC Tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun a cikin kewayon ƙarfin shigarwar kuma tabbatar da daidaiton ƙarfin fitarwa na AC.
4. A cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na hoto mai girma da girma, fitowar wutar lantarki ta inverter ya kamata ya zama sine mai raɗaɗi tare da ƙananan murdiya. Wannan shi ne saboda a cikin tsarin matsakaici da babban ƙarfin aiki, idan aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki mai murabba'i, fitarwar zai ƙunshi ƙarin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, kuma mafi girman jituwa zai haifar da ƙarin asara. Yawancin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic suna ɗorawa tare da sadarwa ko kayan aiki na kayan aiki. Kayan aiki yana da buƙatu mafi girma akan ingancin grid ɗin wutar lantarki. Lokacin da aka haɗa tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai matsakaici da babban ƙarfin hoto zuwa grid, don guje wa gurɓataccen wutar lantarki tare da grid na jama'a, ana buƙatar inverter don fitar da sine wave current.
Inverter yana jujjuya halin yanzu kai tsaye zuwa madaidaicin halin yanzu. Idan wutar lantarki kai tsaye ta yi ƙasa, ana haɓaka shi ta hanyar mai canza canjin yanzu don samun daidaitaccen wutar lantarki na yanzu da mita. Don manyan inverters, saboda babban ƙarfin motar bas na DC, aikin AC gabaɗaya baya buƙatar na'urar wuta don haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki zuwa 220V. A cikin matsakaita da ƙananan ƙarfin inverters, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, kamar 12V, Don 24V, dole ne a ƙirƙira da'irar haɓakawa. Matsakaici da ƙananan ƙarfin inverter gabaɗaya sun haɗa da da'irorin inverter na tura-pull, da'irar inverter cikakke gada da babban mitar haɓaka inverter. Hanyoyin turawa suna haɗa haɗin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin wutar lantarki zuwa ingantaccen wutar lantarki, da kuma bututun wutar lantarki guda biyu Madadin aiki, ikon fitarwa na AC, saboda transistor wutar lantarki suna da alaƙa da ƙasa na gama gari, da'ira da sarrafawa suna da sauƙi, kuma saboda na'urar taswira tana da wani inductance na leakage, yana iya iyakance gajeriyar kewayawa, don haka inganta amincin da'ira. Lalacewar ita ce amfani da taransfoma ya yi ƙasa sosai kuma ikon tuƙi da inductive ba shi da kyau.
Cikakken inverter kewaye yana shawo kan gazawar da'irar turawa. Transistor wutar lantarki yana daidaita girman bugun bugun jini, kuma ingantaccen ƙimar ƙarfin wutar AC yana canzawa daidai da haka. Domin kewayawa yana da madauki mai ƙwanƙwasa, ko da na inductive lodi, ƙirar ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba za a gurbata ba. Rashin lahani na wannan da'irar shi ne cewa transistor na sama da na ƙasa ba sa raba ƙasa, don haka dole ne a yi amfani da keɓaɓɓen da'irar tuƙi ko keɓantaccen wutar lantarki. Bugu da kari, don hana gudanar da aiki na gama-gari na gada na sama da na kasa, dole ne a tsara wata kewayawa don a kashe sannan a kunna, wato dole ne a saita lokacin da ya mutu, kuma tsarin da’ira ya fi rikitarwa.
Fitowar da'irar tura-pull da da'irar cikakken gada dole ne ta ƙara injin mai ɗaukar hoto. Saboda mai canzawa mai haɓakawa yana da girma a cikin girmansa, ƙarancin inganci, kuma ya fi tsada, tare da haɓaka kayan lantarki da fasaha na microelectronics, ana amfani da fasahar juzu'i mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don cimma juzu'i Yana iya gane babban ƙarfin inverter. Da'irar haɓaka matakin gaba na wannan da'irar inverter tana ɗaukar tsarin cirewa, amma mitar aiki tana sama da 20KHz. The booster transformer rungumi dabi'ar Magnetic core abu mai girma-mita, don haka yana da karami a girman da haske a nauyi. Bayan jujjuyawar mita mai girma, ana juyar da shi zuwa babban juzu'i ta hanyar na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi, sannan kuma ana samun ƙarfin wutar lantarki kai tsaye (gaba ɗaya sama da 300V) ta hanyar da'ira mai daidaitawa mai ƙarfi, sannan a juyo ta hanyar ikon mitar inverter kewaye.
Tare da wannan tsarin da'irar, ƙarfin inverter yana inganta sosai, asarar rashin ɗaukar nauyi na inverter yana daidai da ragewa, kuma ana inganta ingantaccen aiki. Rashin lahani na da'irar shine cewa kewaye yana da rikitarwa kuma amincin ya fi ƙasa da na'urori biyu na sama.
Sarrafa da'irar inverter
Babban da'irori na inverters da aka ambata a sama duk suna buƙatar gane su ta hanyar da'ira mai sarrafawa. Gabaɗaya, akwai hanyoyin sarrafawa guda biyu: murabba'in igiyar ruwa da tabbatacce kuma raƙuman ruwa. Da'irar wutar lantarki ta inverter tare da fitowar raƙuman murabba'in abu ne mai sauƙi, ƙarancin farashi, amma ƙarancin inganci kuma babba cikin abubuwan jituwa. . Fitowar igiyar igiyar ruwa shine haɓakar haɓakar inverter. Tare da haɓaka fasahar microelectronics, microprocessors tare da ayyukan PWM suma sun fito. Don haka, fasahar inverter don fitowar igiyar igiyar ruwa ta girma.
1. Inverters tare da square kalaman fitarwa a halin yanzu mafi yawa amfani da bugun jini-nisa modulation hadedde da'irori, kamar SG 3 525, TL 494 da sauransu. Aiki ya tabbatar da cewa yin amfani da SG3525 hadedde da'irori da kuma yin amfani da ikon FETs kamar yadda sauya ikon aka gyara na iya cimma in mun gwada da high yi da farashin inverters. Saboda SG3525 yana da ikon fitar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye FETs Capability kuma yana da tushen tunani na ciki da amplifier aiki da aikin kariya mara ƙarfi, don haka kewayenta yana da sauƙi.
2. The inverter control hadedde circuit with sine wave fitarwa, da ikon sarrafa da inverter tare da sine wave fitarwa za a iya sarrafa ta microprocessor, kamar 80 C 196 MC samar da INTEL Corporation, kuma samar da Motorola Company. MP 16 da PI C 16 C 73 da Kamfanin MI-CRO CHIP suka samar, da dai sauransu. Waɗannan kwamfutoci guda ɗaya suna da janareta na PWM masu yawa, kuma suna iya saita makamai na gada na sama da na sama. A lokacin matattu, yi amfani da kamfanin INTEL na 80 C 196 MC don gane da'irar fitarwa ta sine, 80 C 196 MC don kammala siginar siginar siginar, da kuma gano ƙarfin fitarwa na AC don cimma daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki.
Zaɓin Na'urorin Wutar Lantarki a Babban Da'irar Mai Inverter
Zaɓin manyan abubuwan wutar lantarki nainverteryana da matukar muhimmanci. A halin yanzu, abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na wutar lantarki sun haɗa da Darlington power transistor (BJT), transistor field effects (MOS-F ET), transistors gate (IGB). T) da kuma kashe thyristor (GTO), da dai sauransu, na'urorin da aka fi amfani da su a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki sune MOS FET, saboda MOS FET yana da ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfin wutar lantarki kuma mafi girma Mitar sauyawa na IG BT shine gaba ɗaya. ana amfani da shi a cikin babban ƙarfin lantarki da kuma babban ƙarfin tsarin. Wannan shi ne saboda juriya kan-jihar MOS FET yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki, kuma IG BT yana cikin tsarin matsakaicin ƙarfi ya mamaye mafi girman fa'ida, yayin da a cikin manyan-manyan ƙarfi (sama da 100 kVA), ana amfani da GTO gabaɗaya. kamar yadda aka gyara wutar lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-21-2021
