Kafin haɓakar masana'antar photovoltaic, fasahar inverter ko inverter an fi amfani da ita ga masana'antu kamar jigilar jirgin ƙasa da samar da wutar lantarki. Bayan haɓakar masana'antar hoto, inverter na hoto ya zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin sabon tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, kuma ya saba da kowa. Musamman a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba a Turai da Amurka, saboda sanannen ra'ayi na ceton makamashi da kare muhalli, kasuwar hoto ta ci gaba a baya, musamman ma saurin ci gaba na tsarin photovoltaic na gida. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, an yi amfani da na'urori masu juyawa a gida azaman kayan aikin gida, kuma adadin shigar ya yi yawa.
Inverter na photovoltaic yana jujjuya halin yanzu kai tsaye da aka samar ta hanyar ƙirar hoto zuwa madaidaicin halin yanzu sannan kuma ciyar da shi cikin grid. Aiki da amincin inverter yana ƙayyade ingancin wutar lantarki da ingantaccen ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki. Saboda haka, inverter na photovoltaic yana cikin jigon dukkanin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic. matsayi.
Daga cikin su, inverter masu haɗin grid sun mamaye babban kaso na kasuwa a cikin kowane nau'i, kuma mafari ne na haɓaka duk fasahar inverter. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan inverters, masu haɗin grid suna da sauƙi a cikin fasaha, suna mai da hankali kan shigarwar hoto da fitarwar grid. Amintaccen, abin dogaro, inganci, da ƙarfin fitarwa mai inganci ya zama abin mayar da hankali ga irin waɗannan inverters. alamun fasaha. A cikin yanayin fasaha don grid-connected photovoltaic inverters da aka tsara a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, abubuwan da ke sama sun zama ma'aunin ma'auni na yau da kullum, ba shakka, cikakkun bayanai na sigogi sun bambanta. Don masu inverters masu haɗin grid, duk buƙatun fasaha sun dogara ne akan biyan buƙatun grid don tsarin tsara tsararraki, kuma ƙarin buƙatu sun fito ne daga buƙatun grid don inverters, wato, buƙatun sama-sama. Kamar irin ƙarfin lantarki, ƙayyadaddun mita, buƙatun ingancin wutar lantarki, aminci, buƙatun sarrafawa lokacin da kuskure ya faru. Kuma yadda za a haɗa zuwa grid, abin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki matakin grid don haɗawa, da dai sauransu, don haka grid-connected inverter ko da yaushe bukatar saduwa da bukatun da grid, shi ba ya zo daga ciki bukatun na ikon samar da tsarin. Kuma daga mahangar fasaha, wani muhimmin batu shi ne, inverter mai haɗin grid shine "ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai haɗin grid", wato, yana samar da wutar lantarki idan ya dace da yanayin da aka haɗa da grid. cikin al'amurran sarrafa makamashi a cikin tsarin photovoltaic, don haka yana da sauƙi. Mai sauƙi kamar tsarin kasuwanci na wutar lantarki da yake samarwa. Bisa ga kididdigar kasashen waje, fiye da 90% na tsarin photovoltaic da aka gina da kuma sarrafa su sune tsarin haɗin grid na photovoltaic, kuma ana amfani da inverters masu haɗin grid.
Ajin inverters sabanin grid-haɗe inverters ne kashe-grid inverters. The off-grid inverter yana nufin cewa fitarwa na inverter ba a haɗa shi da grid ba, amma an haɗa shi da kaya, wanda kai tsaye ke motsa nauyin don samar da wuta. Akwai 'yan aikace-aikace na kashe-grid inverters, galibi a wasu wurare masu nisa, inda yanayin haɗin grid ba ya samuwa, yanayin haɗin grid ba shi da kyau, ko kuma akwai buƙatar haɓakar kai da cin abinci, kashewa. -Grid tsarin yana jaddada "tsarin kai da amfani da kai". "Saboda 'yan aikace-aikace na kashe-grid inverters, akwai kadan bincike da ci gaba a fasaha. Akwai 'yan kasa da kasa nagartacce ga fasaha yanayi na kashe-grid inverters, wanda take kaiwa zuwa m da kasa bincike da kuma ci gaban irin inverters. yana nuna yanayin raguwa duk da haka, ayyuka na masu juyawa na kashewa da fasahar da ke tattare da su ba su da sauƙi, musamman ma tare da haɗin gwiwar batura na makamashi, sarrafawa da sarrafa dukkanin tsarin sun fi rikitarwa fiye da grid-connected. Ya kamata a ce tsarin da ke kunshe da inverters kashe-grid, hotuna na hoto, batura, lodi da sauran kayan aiki ya riga ya zama tsarin micro-grid mai sauƙi.
A hakika,kashe-grid inverterstushe ne don haɓaka inverter bidirectional. Haƙiƙa masu jujjuyawar bidirectional suna haɗa halayen fasaha na grid-connected inverters da kashe-grid inverters, kuma ana amfani da su a cikin cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki na gida ko tsarin samar da wutar lantarki. Lokacin amfani da layi daya tare da grid wuta. Ko da yake babu aikace-aikace da yawa na wannan nau'in a halin yanzu, saboda irin wannan tsarin shine samfurin haɓakar microgrid, yana dacewa da abubuwan more rayuwa da yanayin aiki na kasuwanci na rarraba wutar lantarki a nan gaba. da aikace-aikacen microgrid na gida na gaba. A gaskiya ma, a wasu ƙasashe da kasuwanni inda photovoltaics ke ci gaba da sauri da kuma girma, aikace-aikacen microgrids a cikin gidaje da ƙananan yankuna ya fara haɓaka sannu a hankali. Bugu da kari, karamar hukumar na karfafa bunkasa samar da wutar lantarki na cikin gida, ajiya da kuma hanyoyin amfani da gidaje tare da gidaje a matsayin raka'a, ba da fifiko ga sabbin wutar lantarki don amfanin kai, da kuma rashin isasshen wutar lantarki. Sabili da haka, mai juyawa biyu yana buƙatar yin la'akari da ƙarin ayyuka na sarrafawa da ayyukan sarrafa makamashi, kamar cajin baturi da sarrafa fitarwa, dabarun aikin grid-connect/off-grid, da dabarun samar da wutar lantarki masu dogaro. Gabaɗaya, mai jujjuyawar bidirectional zai kunna mafi mahimmancin sarrafawa da ayyukan gudanarwa daga yanayin tsarin gabaɗayan, maimakon la'akari kawai da buƙatun grid ko kaya.
A matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin ci gaba na grid na wutar lantarki, samar da wutar lantarki na gida, rarrabawa da kuma amfani da wutar lantarki da aka gina tare da sabon samar da wutar lantarki kamar yadda jigon zai kasance daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin bunkasa microgrid a nan gaba. A cikin wannan yanayin, microgrid na gida zai samar da dangantaka mai ma'amala tare da babban grid, kuma microgrid ba zai ƙara yin aiki a hankali akan babban grid ba, amma zai yi aiki da kansa, wato, a cikin yanayin tsibiri. Don saduwa da amincin yankin da kuma ba da fifiko ga ingantaccen amfani da wutar lantarki, yanayin aikin da aka haɗa da grid yana samuwa ne kawai lokacin da wutar lantarki ke da yawa ko kuma yana buƙatar zana daga grid na waje. A halin yanzu, saboda yanayin rashin girma na fasaha da manufofi daban-daban, ba a yi amfani da microgrids a kan babban sikelin ba, kuma ƙananan ayyukan zanga-zangar suna gudana, kuma yawancin waɗannan ayyukan suna da alaƙa da grid. Mai jujjuyawar microgrid ya haɗu da fasalulluka na fasaha na inverter na bidirectional kuma yana taka muhimmiyar aikin sarrafa grid. Yana da na'ura mai haɗawa na yau da kullun da inverter hadedde na'ura wanda ke haɗa inverter, sarrafawa da gudanarwa. Yana gudanar da sarrafa makamashi na gida, sarrafa kaya, sarrafa baturi, inverter, kariya da sauran ayyuka. Zai kammala aikin gudanarwa na dukkan microgrid tare da tsarin sarrafa makamashi na microgrid (MGEMS), kuma zai zama ainihin kayan aiki don gina tsarin microgrid. Idan aka kwatanta da inverter na farko da aka haɗa da grid a cikin haɓaka fasahar inverter, ya rabu da aikin inverter mai tsabta kuma yana ɗaukar aikin sarrafa microgrid da sarrafawa, mai da hankali ga da magance wasu matsaloli daga matakin tsarin. Inverter ajiyar makamashi yana ba da juzu'i biyu, jujjuyawar yanzu, da caji da cajin baturi. Tsarin sarrafa microgrid yana sarrafa dukkan microgrid. Masu tuntuɓar A, B, da C duk tsarin sarrafa microgrid ne ke sarrafa su kuma suna iya aiki a keɓe tsibiran. Kashe kayan da ba su da mahimmanci bisa ga samar da wutar lantarki daga lokaci zuwa lokaci don kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na microgrid da amintaccen aiki mai mahimmanci.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-10-2022
